Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute have produced large numbers of detailed models of the Matterhorn, each one less than a tenth of a millimetre in size. With this, they demonstrated how 3-D objects so delicate could be mass-produced. Materials whose surface is covered with a pattern of such tiny 3-D structures often have special properties. What nature has exploited for so long could be instructive for a number of industrial applications. Many snakes glide over sand aided by 3-D structures on their skin that significantly reduce friction. Along the same lines, machine parts could be furnished with a comparable structure, thereby minimizing wear and tear.
Physicists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have developed a nanolaser, a thousand times thinner than a human hair. Thanks to an ingenious process, the nanowire lasers grow right on a silicon chip, making it possible to produce high-performance photonic components cost-effectively. This will pave the way for fast and efficient data processing with light in the future.
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and UC Berkeley have found a simple new way to produce nanoscale wires that can serve as tiny, tunable lasers.
Juerg Leuthold, Professor of Photonics and Communications, and his team have developed the world's smallest integrated optical switch. An atom is shifted and the switch turns on and off when a small voltage is applied.
Solitons are a type of wave that, unlike other waves, retains its shape even as it moves further away from its source. Soliton waves of light are of great interest because they can produce evenly spaced frequencies of light, like the teeth of comb.
Researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a simplified approach to fabricating flat, ultrathin optics. The new approach enables simple etching without the use of acids or hazardous chemical etching agents.
Scientists have successfully measured the dynamical behavior of the organic ligand layer of gold nanoparticles in water. This provides a better understanding of the structure of nanometer-scale gold particles in solution, and will allow the creation of controllable strategies for the functionalization of ligated nano-sized particles for a variety of applications. Researchers from the Colorado State University, USA and the University of Jyväskylä, Finland were involved in the study, and the results have been published in Nature Communications.
Researchers from MIPT have found a solution to the problem of overheating of active plasmonic components. These components will be essential for high-speed data transfer within the optoelectronic microprocessors of the future, which will be able to function tens of thousands of times faster than the microprocessors currently in use today.
A team of scientists from MIT and Purdue University has developed a novel technology that combines the warm look of conventional incandescent light bulbs with improved energy efficiency. This latest breakthrough could potentially revive the century-old incandescent bulbs.
A new method of increasing the signal of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been developed which means samples of just a few molecules can be identified and studied in a non-destructive way. SERS is an enhanced form of Raman Spectroscopy, a technique which uses infra-red lasers to determine the molecular constituents of a sample without causing any permanent changes.
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