According to statistics, the majority of accidents occur at dusk or at night – poor visibility is often the trigger. Intelligent headlights adapt to the current traffic situation, and can be a remedy. In collaboration with industry partners, Fraunhofer researchers have developed a high-resolution illumination system with more than 1,000 LED pixels: It offers considerably more options for precise light distribution than previous solutions have and is also energy efficient.
The need for a more precise process to etch devices used in magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), seen as a potential “universal memory” technology, has spawned a novel process involving researchers at Cornell.
Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) have for the first time experimentally demonstrated that copper nanophotonic components can operate successfully in photonic devices - it was previously believed that only gold and silver components have the required properties for this.
Nanomachines could take over a variety of tasks in future. Some day they may be able to perform medical precision work in the human body or help analyze pathogens and pollutants in mobile laboratories.
Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have developed technology to compress light wavelengths fourfold, providing a way to focus light beyond normal wavelengths to reach nanoscales (a nanometer is a billionth of a meter) in length.
A strechable, nano-scale device has been created which can be used to filter out specific wavelengths of light whilst itself remaining transparent. This technology could be used in the development of novel eye protection.
Nanoscale plasmonic interferometry is a method that integrates the fields of nanotechnology and plasmonics by manipulating the interaction between light and the electrons in metals. This novel technique could be used for the development of biosensors, which can conduct a complete blood workup using a single drop, or hand-held environmental sensors capable of instantly and simultaneously testing water for pesticides, E. coli and lead.
Heterostructures formed by different three-dimensional semiconductors form the foundation for modern electronic and photonic devices. Now, University of Washington scientists have successfully combined two different ultrathin semiconductors — each just one layer of atoms thick and roughly 100,000 times thinner than a human hair — to make a new two-dimensional heterostructure with potential uses in clean energy and optically-active electronics. The team, led by Boeing Distinguished Associate Professor Xiaodong Xu, announced its findings in a paper published Feb. 12 in the journal Science.
Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute have produced large numbers of detailed models of the Matterhorn, each one less than a tenth of a millimetre in size. With this, they demonstrated how 3-D objects so delicate could be mass-produced. Materials whose surface is covered with a pattern of such tiny 3-D structures often have special properties. What nature has exploited for so long could be instructive for a number of industrial applications. Many snakes glide over sand aided by 3-D structures on their skin that significantly reduce friction. Along the same lines, machine parts could be furnished with a comparable structure, thereby minimizing wear and tear.
Physicists at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have developed a nanolaser, a thousand times thinner than a human hair. Thanks to an ingenious process, the nanowire lasers grow right on a silicon chip, making it possible to produce high-performance photonic components cost-effectively. This will pave the way for fast and efficient data processing with light in the future.
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